Standard Test Method for
Piles Under Lateral Loads1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing vertical
and batter piles either individually or in groups to determine
the load-defection relationship when subjected to lateral loading. It is applicable to all deep foundation units regardless of
their size or method of installation. This test method is divided
into the following sections:
Section
Referenced Documents 2
Significance and Use 3
Apparatus for Applying Loads 4
Apparatus for Measuring Movements 5
Loading Procedures 6
Procedures for Measuring Movements 7
Safety Requirements 8
Report 9
Precision and Bias 10

1.2 This test method only describes procedures for testing
single piles or pile groups. It does not cover the interpretation
or analysis of the test results or the application of the test
results to foundation design or the use of empirical or analytic
procedures for determining the magnitude and variation of the
coefficient of horizontal subgrade reaction, bending stresses,
and bending movements over the length of the pile. The term
“failure” as used in this test method indicates a rapid progressive lateral movement of the pile or pile group under a constant
or decreasing load.

1.3 Apparatus and procedures designated “optional” are to
be required only when included in the project specifications
and, if not specified, may be used only with the approval of the
engineer responsible for the foundation design. The word
“shall” indicates a mandatory provision and “should” indicates
a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences
indicate mandatory provisions. Notes and illustrations included
herein are explanatory or advisory.

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

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