Standard Test Method for
The ratio of Anatase to Rutile in Titanium Dioxide Pigments by
X-ray Diffraction1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3720; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of the last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ratio of
anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide pigments. The method is
also applicable to pigment mixtures and pigmented coatings
containing titanium dioxide.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 215 Test Method for Chemical Analysis of White Linseed
Oil Paints2
D 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of SolventReducible Paints2
D 2698 Test Method for Determination of the Pigment
Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High Speed Centrifuging2
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
Pigmented Coatings2
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from a material is
characteristic of that material. The intensity of a diffraction
peak entirely due to one component of a mixture is dependent
upon the amount of that substance in the mixture. To a minor
extent the peak intensity of the component is also dependent on
the mass absorption coefficient of other materials present.
Since the test method utilizes the ratio of the intensities of
diffraction peaks of two chemically similar materials, it is
expected that the effects of other constituents will be the same
for both materials.
3.2 The intensity of the diffraction maxima for anatase and
rutile is measured by X-ray diffractometry. The intensity of the
anatase peak is converted to anatase content relative to rutile
and the rutile content is determined by difference.
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